INTRODUCTION:

In previous scientific data, all the types of amylases were used significantly in food, fermentation, textile, paper, detergent, pharmaceutical, leather and chemical industries. They were also found to have significant role in brewing, liquefaction, sacchrification, bio-fuel production, fabric desizing and starch processing [1-3].

In textile, rubber and paper industries, these amylases have key role in starch processing to fabricate or desized the fibers as per the requirement of the garments designing and formulation practices [3,4]. Amylase was also found to be a eco-friendly enzyme in fabric desizing and washing as compared to other chemicals detergents or washing or dry-cleaning additives which lead to damage of fibers during the various fibers processing strategies [5,6]. Previously, it has been reported that at least 30% of industrially produced enzymes are exploited in the textile and detergent industries globally due to having their good thermal stability, low requirement of water and energy and employed labor practices during the fibers processing [7-10]. It has been also reported that amylase immobilization onto various eco-friendly, biocompatible, non-toxic and non-corrosive supports that made it more industrially important to widen the application of immobilized amylase as compared to native enzyme [11-13]. Immobilization of amylase onto albumin matrices such as BSA and egg albumin was found to be more low-cost, easy and rapid method to enhance the storage stability and thermal stability as compared to its native form [13-17]. Immobilization has been used to increase its stability, easy recovery, easy separation of reactant and product, repeated or continuous use to reduce labor and overhead costs. Immobilized amylase has improved storage, pH operational, thermal and conformational stabilities [18-21]. In this designed washing practice, bio-active coconut oil driven Cicer aritenium amylase loaded EANPs were used to wash the stained woolen/cashmere fabric pieces with chosen wool detergent shampoo named, “Ezee Liquid Detergent” to compare the washing results of chosen wool detergent shampoo alone.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Coconut oil driven chemically modified and emulsified Cicer aritenium amylase EANPs were used for this study that was prepared by Rani, K., 2015 [22]. This bio-active amylase encapsulated Egg Albumin nano-wool detergent shampoo additives with systemized 35U of alkaline protease were used in washing of stained fabric pieces with selected woolen shampoo named, Ezee Liquid Detergent which is nationally and internationally popular wool detergent shampoo brand name that proposed to use in many textiles and detergent industries for washing of expensive woolen or cashmere fabrics. Chosen stains were of Kiwi Leather extra Shine Black and Loreal Paris Casting Crème Gloss Black that are very popular boot polish and hair color dye crèmes brands globally respectively [Fig 1].

These selected stains were used to stain the woolen fabric pieces. Then, strained woolen fabric pieces were soaked in reaction mixture of 1-2 mg of prepared coconut oil driven amylase loaded EANPS with 35U of alkaline protease solution and 2-3ml of selected wool shampoo in petri plates [13-19, 21]. Each sample of stained woolen fabric pieces was washed with only chosen woolen shampoo with the combination of above mentioned reaction mixture of alkaline protease mediated coconut oil driven amylase loaded BSANPs. Then, their washing analysis was carried out to study its comparative washing results to know the washing efficacy of proposed prepared EANPs as bio-active amylase bound Egg Albumin nano-wool detergent shampoo additives.

A: Chosen woolen shampoo B: Chosen stain of Shoe Polish

C: Chosen stain of Hair colour

Figure 1: A: Chosen wool detergent shampoo, Ezee Liquid Detergent which was used for washing of stained woolen fabric; B: Chosen stain of Boot polish named, Kiwi Leather Extra Shine Black (Sample A); C: Chosen stain of Hair color dye crème named, Loreal Paris Casting Crème Gloss Black (Sample B) which were used for staining the woolen fabric pieces to carry out the washing study.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Coconut oil driven emulsified Cicer aritenium amylase encapsulated EANPs were subjected to carry out the washing study with chosen wool detergent shampoo named, Ezee Liquid detergent to remove the chosen stains of boot polish and hair color dye crème. These stains are very tough to remove in single wash or required many tedious pre-treatment practices such as long hour of soaking period in warm water and sometimes, demand the use of stain dissolving agents like potash alum or vinegar or other dry-cleaning agents etc. These prewashing practices were found to be foster the harm or damage of the texture of woolen/cashmere fabric especially smoothness, delicacy and softness of expensive woolen and cashmere fabrics. Moreover, coconut oil driven amylase loaded EANPs were made bio-active by using standardized 35U alkaline protease to carry out the controlled release of bound amylase from EANPs in reaction mixture [8,17,22]. Then, this prepared bio-active coconut oil driven amylase loaded EANPs reaction mixture was used with selected wool detergent shampoo for washing of stained woolen fabric pieces whose fibers became strained due to increase in their weight and size by absorbing the chemical/biochemical ingredients of chosen stains with the time. Hence, these strained woolen fabric pieces are further subjected to good desizing or washing practices to remove the stains without affecting the delicacy and softness of woolen or cashmere fabric before they become so tough to be removed from the expensive woolen and cashmere fabrics. And, this designed washing practice was found to be more effective to enhance the washing efficiency of chosen wool detegent shampoo when used with prepared bio-active coconut oil driven amylase encapsulated EANPs as compared to washing observations of chosen wool detergent shampoo alone to wash off the chosen stains (Fig 2 & 3). In this washing study, that popular chosen wool detergent shampoo named, Ezee Liquid Detergent was used to wash the selected stained woolen fabric pieces with 35U alkaline protease derived coconut oil driven amylase loaded EANPs. And, it was noted that bio-active coconut oil driven amylase loaded EANPs act as excellent bio-active nano-wool detergent shampoo additive when used with selected wool detergent shampoo to wash off the chosen stains of boot polish (Fig 2) and hair color dye crème (Fig 3) from stained woolen fabric pieces.

And, visible and noticeable observations were confirmed that these prepared bio-active coconut oil driven amylase bound BSANPs were lead to enhance comparably better washing efficacy of chosen wool shampoo as nano-wool shampoo additives as compared to results of chosen wool gent deteshampoo alone (Fig 2 & 3). And, it was also found that there was no affect on the delicacy and softness of woolen fabric upon touching after using this designed washing practice. And, these washing observations of bio-active coconut oil driven amylase encapsulated Egg Albumin nano-wool detergent shampoo additives were also found to be very similar to the previous washing results (17-22).

Table 2: Washing results of stained woolen fabric pieces having chosen stain sample A of Boot polish (Kiwi Leather Extra Shine Black) with chosen wool shampoo named, Ezee Liquid Detergent and prepared bio-active coconut oil driven amylase loaded EANPs[22]

Fig 3: Washing results of stained woolen fabric pieces having chosen stain sample B of hair color dye crème (Loreal Paris Casting Crème Gloss Black) with chosen wool shampoo named, Ezee Liquid Detergent and prepared bio-active coconut oil driven amylase loaded EANPs[22]

CONCLUSION:

Form the designed washing study, it was concluded that use of Cicer aritenium amylase loaded coconut oil driven EANPs with standard 35U of alkaline protease with selected wool detergent shampoo, Ezee Liquid Detergent, was found to be low-cost and time saving washing/desizing practice. And, it was foster to improve washing efficacy as compared to normal washing practices without harming the delicacy, texture and softness of fibers of woolen and cashmere fabric pieces. These prepared bio-active coconut oil driven amylase loaded EANPs washing mixture was found an eco-friendly, green nanotechnology, herbal alternative and low-cost bio-active nano-wool shampoo additives because of use of natural occurring coconut oil in this nanopreparation which is globally known for its non-toxic and antibacericidal properties from the ancient time. It was also confirmed that this designed washing practice showed the zero demand of other required washing labor practices, minimizing the water and energy consumption. And, the designed washing/desizing study was proved very helpful to maintain mild condition for expensive woolen and cashmere fabric as well as for skin of hands of laborer without causing any hassles during the use of this designed washing practice. In many Indo-Asian countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Thailand, Asia, Cambodia, Srilanka, Bhutan, Nepal and Taiwan, where textiles, wood, rubber and leather industries are most prevailing industries for national economic growth and endorsed for international co-operative trading productivity globally. So, this proposed washing practice of woolen/cashmere fabric may prove helpful to cut down the cost of various costly washing procedures of expensive woolen or cashmere fabrics as well as it can employed in paper and leather processing/washing/desizing processing strategies to save energy and time.

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Received on 05.02.2016 Modified on 17.02.2016

Asian J. Research Chem. 9(2): Feb., 2016; Page 85-88

DOI: 10.5958/0974-4150.2016.00016.X